De turkiska folkmord

By • on August 31, 2009

Rolf Slot-Henriksen

Translation into English by Henrik Ræder Clausen
Published by Foreningen Dansk Kultur, www.danskkultur.dk
Dedicated to the memory of those who suffered and died during these events.
This document is freely redistributable.

Innehåll

The day of the

The idea of establishing an Osmannic empire………………………………………………………………….6
The fate of
The Sultan Abdul Mejid
The Macedonian Speech by Georg Brandes (1902)…………………………………………………………11
The massacre on the Bulgarian population…………………………………………………………………….12
Lecture by Georg Brandes in Berlin February 2nd 1903………………………………………………….13
The genocide against the Armenians, 1875-1876……………………………………………………………16
Karen
The genocides in the Osmannic Empire 1908-1918………………………………………………………..25
A change in Muslim
Where did the deported
Eyewitness accounts of the massacres 1915-1918…………………………………………………………..32
The massacre on the Greeks 1923…………………………………………………………………………………38
The final elimination of the Greeks 1955………………………………………………………………………39

The day of the Armenians

24 april markerar "Kristallnatten" av armenier. This is the day when the government of Turkey initiated the genocide of the Armenians in East Anatolia. 1.5 million Armenians were killed by the Turks in 1915 and 1916 in their attempt to destroy Armenia. Only in a smaller enclave in Caucasus did the Armenians survive, as well as in various pockets in the Middle East outside the reach of Turkey. But the Turkish state has since 1915 systematically lied to its people about this genocide. And the various international partners of Turkey have turned a blind eye in this matter. In some circles it has even become politically correct to ignore this.

In his speech in Obersalzberg on August 22nd 1939 Hitler told his army leaders with respect to the pending invasion of Poland: “Who today talks about the Armenians?” In other words, the brutality of the Germans would quickly be forgotten. And that would probably have been the case had the Germans won the war. A non-admitted crime becomes an incitement to others to commit similar acts, which we've seen both in the 40′s in Europe and in the 90′s in Africa.

When the Canadian parliament in 2004 declared that the Turkish killing of the Armenians in 1915 constituted genocide, the Turkish government sent a strong official protest to the Canadian parliament.

The Armenian day on April 24th should be turned into an official holocaust memorial day, and the Turkish genocide of the Armenians should be internationally recognized and condemned. It should no longer be permitted to let Turkey get away for free from their genocide on the Armenians. Turkey must be forced to publicly condemn the genocide on the Armenians in 1915, abroad as well as at home.

A fundamental problem here is that genocide is permissible according to Islam. In the Quran, Sura 4:91, is a recommendation of genocide on people who refuse to become Islamic. Turkey must also here be forced to distance itself from Islam.

Niels Erik Søndergård
Rasmus Rasks Allé 95
5250 Odense SV

Introduction

'Genocide' is a concept that most people associate with the two large ideologies of the 20th century, communism and Nazism, who in termination camps, through hunger and deportations killed millions and millions of individuals. In particular the dreadful fate of the Jews comes to mind in the context of genocide. But others were also on the list of groups to be extinguished for their religiousness rather than their ethnicity. In the Soviet Union millions were killed for the sole reason that they were Christians. Of the originally 40.000 churches so many were closed or destroyed that at a time only 40 churches were active in the Soviet Union. And for Nazism, in particular Catholics were hated. In Poland alone, one third of the priests, monks and nuns were murdered. Even the Catholic bishop of Berlin was shot.

The third large 'ism', which stands behind a series of genocides of which few have ever heard, is Islam. Though being a religion, it is at the same time an extensive body of law and a system for society. With the institution of the Islamic caliphate and in the wake of the Islamic conquests, one people after another was destroyed. Genocide followed genocide, in particular at the conquest of Buddhist and Hinduistic areas, where millions were ruthlessly murdered. This booklet will restrain itself to the genocides that took place within the area of the Turkish caliphate in recent times, in particular the years 1875 through 1955. Here in particular the genocide of the Armenians stand out, also because of the inaction of the European countries. But also the genocides against the Macedonians, Bulgarians and Greeks will be covered.

Källorna är valda så brett som möjligt: ​​Från Ernest Hemingway över Georg Brandes till den danska hjältinnan Karen Jeppe, som arbetade sig upp för döende armeniska folket. Dessutom finns det konton från tyska, engelska och tyska konsuler och officerare, och en personlig redogörelse för de grymheter en liten armenisk tjej utstå under en av de armeniska dödsmarscherna. Berättelsen om den armeniska tjejen Serpouhi är i sin enkelhet och terror, så greppa att det visar vidden av de grymheter som ägde rum.

Min flitiga forskning efter breda källor ledde mig att läsa fasor hade jag inte trodde var möjligt. Och jag skäms inte med att konstatera att många tårar fälldes under skrivandet av denna bok.

Tanken på att inrätta en Osmannic imperium

Under de senaste 30 åren vågor av invandrare från islamiska länder har träffar stränderna i Europa. Under denna tid Danmark ensamt har sett etableringen av ett dussin organisationer som vill återupprätta det islamiska väldet, den turkiska kalifatet, som regerade stora delar av Europa, inklusive Ungern, Krim, Serbien, Bosnien, Hercegovina, Albanien, Rumänien, Bulgarien , Grekland, Cypern och delar av Ukraina.

Idag Berlin har en befolkning på minst 250.000 turkar och har utvecklats till ett kapital på många av de turkiska islamiska rörelser som vill återinföra kalifatet. Andelen av turkiska fundamentalister växer snabbt i Europa, nu med 3,5 miljoner turkar i Tyskland och 100.000 i Danmark. Att antalet särskilda radikala fundamentalister växer kan ses i Danmark, där Mille Görüs under namnet DMGT nu har 46 kontor i Danmark, och med stöd av stadsfullmäktige i Helsingør och Århus, har börjat arbeta på en ny moské och en skolan respektive, där hat mot icke-muslimer är preparerade.

Rörelsen "Nya Osmanners", en annan turkisk-islamiska rörelsen strävar efter att
ombyggnad av kalifatet, har sitt europeiska huvudkontor i Berlin och har just utfärdat en mapp med detta innehåll, som beskriver byggandet av en ny europeisk Osmannic imperium i enlighet med instruktionerna i Koranen:

"Det Osmannic riket var ett imperium troende, som nådde världsherravälde. Deras omfattande tolerans och respekt för sina medmänniskor är än idag en förebild och helt enastående i alla imperier hela världshistorien. Det har aldrig undertryckt eller utrotas någon. De satte även andra under sitt beskydd, respekteras dem mycket, och strävade efter att lära sig allt gott från dem, utan att göra någon skada sig själva. De tillåtna de erövrade folket att hålla sina traditioner i sin sekulära och religiösa livet, och även behållit de kyrkor de kristna. Den Osmannic Empire tillämpat budgivning Allahs i den dagliga praktiken och inte skilja mellan privat tro och den offentliga sfären. Sultanen var inte egoistisk, som var kejsarna av tidigare gånger, men var utan egoism tjänar endast sitt folk. "

"Den Osmanners var muslimer. De praktiserade den sanna Islam full av kärlek och tolerans, full av respekt för andra, ära och många andra goda egenskaper, som i demokratier är helt förlorade. De respekterade judar och kristna mycket för att vara troende ... "

På samma sätt läser underlaget för "De nya internationella Osmanners":

"Att islam inte har förökats med svärd och eld är en vetenskaplig insikt. En utvandring på grund av hunger och klimatförändringar i den arabiska halvön är orsaken till dess spridning, absolut inga religiösa krig från sidan av islam. Kapitalismen och dess demokratier har det enda syftet att täcka problemen, avleda allmänhetens uppmärksamhet, slöja sanningen och hålla tyst om det. Demokrati ger dåliga krafter möjlighet att vinna makt, så att manipulation, korruption, egoism och brott expandera genom politiken och hela samhället utan chans för regeringen att förhindra det. I Osmannic imperiet det var helt annorlunda. Vi har därför med en ny kalifat modellerat på dygder Osmannic imperiet. "

Källa: Central för en ny Osmanners i Europa, 95 Bellermanstrasse, Berlin.

Öde Armenien

Efter Muhammed från 622 AD och framåt hade erövrat och släcks en stam efter den andra gick hans efterträdare, de kalifer, efter grannländerna. Så tidigt som den 7: e-talet araberna avskedade Armenien för första gången. Under långa perioder strider rasade mellan öst romerska imperiet och islam för kontroll av denna del av världen. De muslimska arméer fram bit för bit, och så småningom armenierna hade inga chanser. Efter erövringen av Amorium i 781 AD, beställde kalifen al-Mitasim fångarna som ska auktioneras bort i buntar om 10, eftersom det var så många av dem.

Genom att plundra och ödelägga Thessaloniki i 903 22.000 kristna gavs till de arabiska officerarna eller säljas som slavar. I 1064 sultan Alp Arslan som Georgien och Armenien bar, och tusentals summariskt avrättades. Skriftliga källor från Palestina, Egypten, Armenien och Anatolien, där kristna områden hade erövrats och koloniserade, berättar att kristna inte kan betala djizya skatt till muslimerna i stället var skyldig att leverera sina barn. De kunde då dra av ett visst belopp från skatt per. Idén systematiskt utvecklats under tiden för sultanen Orkan i 1326, så att de kristna i Armenien och på Balkan rutinmässigt skulle ge sina barn till muslimer som en skatt. I den 9: e talet armeniska folket försökte desperat att kasta den arabiska islamiska oket. Men armén av kalifen flyttade in i landet, och en masslakt följde, som färgade hela landet röda från blod. En islamiska styrde följde andra, tills den islamiska turkiska kalifatet tog över i den 16: e århundradet.

Den rättsliga ställningen för kristna och judar i den islamiska kalifatet var katastrofalt. Aage Meyer Benedictson beskriver det i detalj:

Tomten ges kristna människor under islamiskt styre grundades på principen att "besättningen", som de kristna kallades (de var tänkt som djur), bodde endast i händerna på muslimerna hade "besättningen" nej inneboende rättigheter ... De kristna motiv var slavar, som Allah i sin nåd hade gett till sina segerrika barn. De skyldig troende allt: egendom, sultanen var herre all egendom, och deras arbete. Dessutom var de tvungna att betala stora skatter, för sultanen var också ägare till sina kroppar.

Tusentals kristna pojkar i åldern 4 till 8 togs från de kristna hem,
omskuren, rakad och genom en höjning i den islamiska traditionen förvandlades till en fast armé, som för långa perioder var den mest fruktansvärda vapen Turkiet. De kristna lidit förödmjukelsen att dämpas av sina stulna egna barn. Ingen kristen hade rätt att bära vapen, var de att lyda eller dö, och eftersom deras tro var falsk, så var deras hjärtan. De var utanför lagen, deras vittnesmål till en domare var giltigt endast om verifierats av en muslim.

Den mest skrämmande var dock den ideologi som islam försökte ge på muslimerna, som icke troende aldrig skulle göra en god gärning. Om de gjorde det ändå, det var bara ett uttryck för Allah arbeta genom en oren verktyg. En kristen var en bortses livegen. I hans kläder skulle han vara annorlunda så att alla kunde se att här kommer en otrogen. De kristna var att stanna upp och torka skorna för varje passage muslim, om han så önskar. En trasa för detta ändamål bör alltid utföras av en kristen eller en Judisk ... kristna inte tillåtet att ringa klockor. Deras liv var en undervisning i förnedring och underkastelse. De arbetade, men hade sina fiender stjäla frukterna av deras arbete. (Meyer Benedictson s. 131-132)

År 1453 den turkiska kalifatet hade erövrat huvudstad i det östromerska riket, den kristna staden Konstantinopel, och därmed tagit bort sista bålverk mot islam. Från denna ålder hela Balkan var i händerna på islam från Armenien genom Ukraina, Krim, Ungern, Bosnien, Albanien och Serbien. Våldsamma kampanjer till Polen, Österrike och Tyskland hela vägen till Nürnberg skakade den europeiska kontinenten som hade varit likgiltiga inför den svåra situationen för armenierna och Konstantinopel, Fram tills dess var det tänkt i de europeiska huvudstäderna att "Den heliga graven väl bevakade." Nu var de sig i skottlinjen. Alla alternativ för uppror eller frigörelse till Armenien och Balkan var mer avlägsen än någonsin. Blodbad följt blodbad. Den armenier och andra kristna, som judar som vägrade att bli muslimer, stanna sitt liv i underkastelse och fattigdom, ett öde de kunde bara fly genom att själva bli Muslms.

De mest våldsamma mord på armenierna ägde rum under åren 1876 till 1918 i flera stora vågor. Antalet dödade och utrotade fortfarande omtvistat. Turkiet hävdar idag att de som dog gjorde det bara på grund av uppror mot staten, och att antalet var ganska begränsat. I verkligheten mellan 300.000 och 1 miljon dödades i åren mellan 1876 och 1903. Under åren 1915 till 1918 systematiska dödandet av ytterligare 1 miljon till 1 ½ miljon armenier ägde rum. Det totala antalet överstiger 2 miljoner.

Ingeborg Maria Sick skriver i sin utmärkta bok om Karen Jeppe, som tillbringade hela sitt liv att hjälpa armeniska barn, om de fruktansvärda deportationerna som ägde rum i 1916, där den islamiska kalifen beställt händelser så hemska att det överstiger sådana fantasi, även när du tar hänsyn hänsyn till de nazistiska mord på judar 25 år senare. "Vem kan tåla att höra av barn skurna i bitar med saxen sina mödrar eller av män hölls fången bevittna våldtäkt av deras små döttrar, och sedan klippa isär inför deras ögon. Nej, vill vi inte tänka på detta. Men de drabbades detta. "

Men det motsvarar faktiskt episoder i livet av Muhammed själv. Sin adopterade son var att straffa en kvinna för stöld. Han halshugger sedan hennes barnbarn framför hennes ögon och har hennes slits sönder av kameler medan hennes döttrar bevittna det. Muhammed berömmer sin adopterade son och som uppskattning för hans insatser ger henne döttrarna som slavar, och en käpp med en silverglänsande huvud.

Ingeborg Maria Sick skriver: "I Urfa är Edessa kung Abgar, rasade morden för tre fruktansvärda dagar - och den sista natten turkarna satte stadens armeniska befolkningen till brännaren i fristaden de hade sökt i katedralen i staden. En stor brand, höja till skyarna som ett återkallande av kejsaren Neros levande facklor i Rom. "(Sid. 15). I Tyskland prästen Johannes Lepsius och rev. Lohman startade en stor rörelse bland kristna i stöd för det armeniska folket. I Frankrike organiserade katolikerna stora hjälpinsatser. Det fanns också publicerade tidningen "Pro Armenien" med framstående som Jaurès och Clemenceau. Schweiz upprättat en hjälp kommitté som Danmark och Norge.

De danska insatserna främst känd genom outtröttliga ansträngningar Karen Jeppe för att hjälpa sin älskade Armenien. Den första stora armeniska hjälp samlingen i Danmark var inspirerad av kung Georg av Grekland. Det riktades av den danska drottningen Louise och hennes löjtnant Hennings. I kölvattnet av detta i synnerhet den kristna föreningen "Kvindelige Missionsarbejdere" ("Women missions arbetare") gjorde en stor del av arbetet.

Deportationerna i Armenien var märkligt, eftersom hela armeniska befolkningen skulle elimineras, inte bara i Armenien sig, men i alla städer från Mesopotamien till Mosul. Målet var tydligt: ​​fullständigt borttagande. De kodade telegram från den turkiska utrikesministern till prefekten i Aleppo, senare smugglas till väst, var tydliga. Vi ska bara nämna två:

"På begäran av Djmi (ungturkarna kommittén för Progress) har regeringen beslutat att utrota alla armenier i Turkiet. Utan oro för kvinnor, barn, sjuka, känslor eller samvete, ska deras existens nu få ett slut. "

Senare i cipher telegram:

"Vi har hört att några av de nämnda personerna har skickats till Syrien eller Palestina. Detta är en oförlåtligt fel. Deras mål för dem är bara en: intet "

Vad gjorde väst göra? Regeringarna gjorde nästan ingenting. Det var kvar för mindre kyrkan
organisationer och enskilda att vidta åtgärder. Den europeiska staterna hade för mycket på spel, och hur kan du ta del av en religion mot en annan?

Till polisbyrån i Aleppo!
Det har tidigare meddelat att regeringen på uppdrag av kommittén har beslutat att helt utrota alla armenier som finns i Turkiet. De motsätter sig detta kommando kan inte längre kan anses vänner regeringens (som betyder "förrädare"). Utan hänsyn till kvinnor, barn eller sjuka, men depressiva de Tools of Destruction kan tyckas, utan hänsyn till känslor eller samvete, måste deras existens avslutas.

Inrikesministern, Tala'at.

Det amoraliska attityd leda till att regeringarna återstående passiv. Ingeborg Maria Sick ber i sin bok "Pigen fra Danmark" om Karen Jeppe:

"De låter dem dö. Hade vi kunnat göra annorlunda? Ja, ska vi inte? Är kristendomen en stor moralisk makt - eller inte? Har det står upp som en man, när den största politiska åtalet bröt ut, vaknar, be, kamp, ​​fast med dem där? Kristna led med dem, första och sista de trogna deltagarna, Gud ske lov även från Danmark och andra som förbrukas sin makt för att lindra lidandet för martyren folket "(sid. 18).

Några av dem som kördes barn hem eller på annat sätt försökt att ge hjälp, betalade med sina liv. Straffet för att dölja en armenisk var huvudstad. På detta konto både amerikaner och européer avrättades, men där var upprördhet från sekulära, förmodligen humanitära europeiska regeringarna? De var tysta.

Redan under de första stora pogromerna anor 1876 Europa var tyst och det enda vän de kristna i Kaukasus Ryssland var. Många av länderna hade drabbats 400-500 år av muslimsk ockupation, mord och utnyttjande, men de europeiska makterna var upptagna tenderar sina egna angelägenheter eller ens gå in allians med dämpning.

Kaiser Wilhelm II proklamerade mot den muslimska världen att han i hemlighet hade konverterat till islam, i hopp om att muslimska trupper skulle göra uppror mot England. Det var delvis framgångsrik, eftersom muslimer kontingenter i Indien och delar av det som skulle bli Pakistan förklarade jihad, att en muslim inte kan slåss under suveränitet en otrogen kristen drottning.

Sultanen Abdul Mejid löfte

I det 19th århundradet de islamiska riken och kalifatet var allt försvagas, eftersom de stelnade i fattigdom och korrupta förtryck, allt medan Europa avancerade ekonomiskt, vetenskapligt och så småningom även religiöst genom en stor kristen uppvaknande mot slutet av seklet. Fabriker och kyrkor byggdes överallt. Och folk hörde räkenskaper fruktansvärda förtryck som drabbat de kristna i de länder som under islamisk ockupation.

Starka påtryckningar från den kristna allmänheten orsakade sultanen, för att vinna sympati och stöd från de europeiska regeringarna, i 1839 utfärda det Hatt-i-Sjerif deklaration ("The Noble Pergament"), där sultanen lovade alla ämnen i all sin erövrade territorier, utan åtskillnad av ras och religion, skydd av liv, ära och egendom. Således sultanen initierat en rad löften om att förbättra situationen för kristna och judar. Men för de kristna, var dessa löften värre än ingenting.

Regeringarna i Europa lutade sig nu tillbaka och påpekade det stora toleransen som finns i islam. Endast i de större städerna, där europeiska diplomater bodde, fanns det en kort enkel villkor för de kristna. I alla andra ställen, försämrade villkoren. Som skrivet av Aage Meyer Benedictsen skulle folk överhöghet underkasta sig aldrig till krav från dem öppet kallade Infidel kristna hundar "(s. 158).

Efter Krimkriget, där västmakterna skyddas Turkiet och garanteras dess gränser, det vill säga dess erövringar och inlämning av dussintals kristna människor beviljade sultanen vidare ett löfte till den västra makten i 1856: "Hatt i Humajun" (Imperial Parchment) , där han lovade alla sina ämnen medborgerliga rättigheter. "Som alla religiösa bekännelser njuta och även i framtiden ska ha frihet i alla mina länder, inte en enda av mina ämnen skall möta hinder att utöva tro, bekänner han i, och får inte lida det minsta trycket i detta avseende." ( Aage Meyer Benedictsen sid. 159)

För att inte öppna inåt, låter de sin befolkning vet vad fördraget innebar internt av en offentlig hängning av den armeniska Hovakoim, eftersom han av förtroendet för de löften fördraget hade återgått till kristendomen efter att han och hans familj hade tvingats med våld att konvertera till islam. Som en ytterligare förnedring under den hängande en hatt, som symboliserar Europa var fäst vid sin döda kropp, implicit betyda en hängning av otrogna Europa. Den nya löftet har inte testats ytterligare genom någon annan av de tvingas konvertiter till islam. Men man kan säga att sultanen enbart agerat som en god muslim genom att följa lagen i Koranen av dödsstraffet för dem som lämnar islam.

Nu var det viktigt att visa dämpade kristna folk som var herre och vem som var slav. Den grekiska befrielsekriget hade visat att de kristna nu var beredda att kämpa för sin frihet. De behövde akut för att förhindra detta. Varje gång de europeiska regeringarna frågade om sakernas tillstånd, möttes de av den islamiska sidan med förståelse, vänlighet och en stolt rapportering av stor frihet och tolerans som alltid hade regerat i islam. De flesta lät sig blidkas.

Således sultan efter sultan hade friheten att begå ett folkmord efter den andra mot serber, makedonier, bulgarer, greker och armenier. I det följande kommer särskilt att titta på folkmord mot makedonierna och bulgarerna. Den så kallade makedonska tal av danska författaren Georg Brandes (1902), här citerad från "Samlade verk Georg Brandes", är ett viktigt dokument i detta sammanhang.

Den makedoniska Tal av Georg Brandes (1902)

"Även om klasskampen som en kamp för bröd rasar i de högsta civiliserade länder i Europa och Amerika, de mindre civiliserade länder i början av 20-talet i ett tillstånd mer vanligtvis förknippas med medeltiden, med dagliga förödmjukelser och mord, mordbrand, våldtäkt och alla slags tortyr. De fasor som orsakas av muslimska Turkiet i Makedonien, och skam mot den judiska befolkningen i Rumänien är, dag för dag, allt komprometterande, men samtidigt Europe, som är vittne till utrotningen av armenierna, blir alltmer likgiltiga till vad som händer i Makedonien och Rumänien inför alla. (Länder erövrades av den islamiska Osmanska riket och våld att assimileras in i kalifatet, som styrs av våld och Subversion).

På våren makedoniska intelligentian lanserade den franska varannan vecka "Le Mouvement Macedonien", som har rapporterat det turkiska väldet av fasa vecka för vecka. Flera gånger i tidningen bifogade illustrationer till texten, som i juli bilden av makedonska ledare hängdes vid bud på turkarna, och i augusti bilden av turkiska militärpoliser som stod med sin sablar stolt fotograferades i Monastir med cut- av huvuden fångade makedonierna på ett litet bord framför sig.

I delar av den europeiska pressen har det funnits en trend, som stöds av de turkiska representanter, att skildra det våld som begås av regelbunden och oregelbunden turkiska
trupper mot de kristna som en vedergällningar för sina brottsliga räder. Således desperata försvar av den undertryckta avbildas som provokationer. De upproriska flockar, som för närvarande täcker Makedonien, bildas inte genom beslut av de revolutionära kommittéerna.

Några Jordbrukare, vars fru hade blivit våldtagen av muslimerna inför hans ögon, medan bunden förvånad, eller vars barn hade utsatts för timmar av tortyr, eller utsatts för bastonade (slå under fötterna) till kanten av död, samlar en grupp av lika sinnade offer som vill hämnas. Några herde, vars hjord de har förts bort och vem som äger något annat än sin pistol, som han begravdes djupt inne i skogen för säkerhets skull, monterar ett litet urval av andra desperates runt honom. Oftare än en ung lärare eller läkare förföljd av den turkiska polisen, flyr upp i bergen, eftersom han föredrar döden till tortyr som väntar honom i fängelse. Runt honom monterar ett dussin andra förföljs eller hotas liknande
själv, unga män som har varit fastkedjad och vispad som alla som föll i händerna på den turkiska muslimer.

Vem kan undra om deras grymhet, när de slippa tortyr? Fem lantbrukare i byn Eksjisu och lärare i Zelemitsje, Natsef var efter att ha vispad under fötterna utsätts för tortyr som består i skallen pressas med tång tills det piper. Sedan begravde sina halsar i sopor att förbli i detta tillstånd i tre dagar, sedan hängde upp huvudet ner. Två av dem dog, och var fyra andra vidtas för att Monastir och flydde. Scener som dessa sker bokstavligen på en daglig basis under hela året, hela Makedonien. När tidningen "Den makedoniska rörelsen" under de senaste veckorna inte har offentliggjorts, är det förmodligen förklaras av landet är helt lågor. Genom de österrikiska tidningen "Die Zeit" vi håller på att uppdateras på de viktigaste frågorna i den makedoniska frågan.

The first thing undertaken by Turkish troops when arriving to a Macedonian village is to demand the delivery of all weapons. If you are scared into delivering them, the soldiers start the pillage. Thus the unhappy population survives under a regime of terror. The battle between the soldiers and the guerrillas is conducted with a passion and disregard for danger unprecedented in military history.

In Kadion near Perlepe a small group of rebels were surprised by the Turks in an old tower. They defended themselves an entire day and part of the night, and when they had exhausted their supply of gunpowder killed themselves with potassium cyanide. When the Turks entered the tower at dawn, they found seven bodies. Leader of the group was Metodi Patsjef, a young teacher from Ukrida, lively, energetic, loud, known for being outspoken against the Muslim rule, and sentenced three years prison for murder, in spite of his innocence and the presence of an alibi. When he was released from prison, where he had met others innocently jailed like himself, he had only the single wish to take revenge on his executioners. He found death trying. Will the same happen to all other brave leaders against the Muslim occupation that happened to him? Will we see the Macedonians share the fate of the Armenians?”

No European popular movement was strong enough to make their governments interfere. While the population were taken by the dawning Christian awakening, the politicians were of a different kin. For them only cold calculations and realpolitik were taken into consideration. The political calculations won, and in particular the distrust towards Russia. Russia had repeatedly intervened with force to protect one Christian population after another, when the massacres became too violent, but the secularized European governments would not let religion influence them. They were worried that the Tsar and Russia would have too great influence over the Christians in the Balkans, in Greece and in Turkey. England and France repeatedly forced the Russian relief troops back with threats of interventions and talk of the good intentions of Turkey.

To what extent the political calculus was decisive can be seen from the British Bluebook-Turkey 1876, which is a reply from the British representative in Constantinople (Istanbul), Sir Henry Elliot, to the British minister of foreign affairs. His words reveal with no hesitation the terrible truth of the so-called civilized European policies. This Bluebook is written on the occasion of the indignation among the Christians in the British population after the killings in Bulgaria.

He writes: “We can and should feel enraged over the useless and dull hardness with which the Bulgarian liberation movement was crushed; but the forced position in which England finds itself, demanding to refrain from any changes detrimental to ourselves, must not let us influence by the question of how many lives were lost in Bulgaria; the terrible atrocities cannot be enough reason to give up our policies, which should rightly be followed out of regard to our welfare.”

It was this policy of closed eyes towards the transgressions of Islam, conquests and slaughters, that made possible for one genocide to follow another on European soil: Serbs, Jews, Greeks, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Armenians. And the same can be heard today, when apologists, being indifferent to the Islamic genocides, praise the openness and tolerance of Islam as well as the beauty of the Quran.

The massacre on the Bulgarian population

In 1876 an article about the massacres in Bulgaria reached the English through an article by the American journalist JA Mac Gahan, who was employed at The London Daily News. He had arrived to Istanbul (Constantinople) three months after the massacres and travelled on into Bulgaria to see with his own eyes what had taken place. The article presented to the English on August 7th 1876 was but a small selection of the terrible stories, which later became an entire book, and was to guide the journalist for the rest of his life. Here follows a short excerpt of his arrival to the Bulgarian city of Batak. The Christian population in Bosnia and Herzegovina had rebelled against the Islamic occupation forces. Soon also the Bulgarians got restless. The suppression had been too brutal. But the attempts of liberation lead to terrifying massacres.

Gahans description of his arrival to Batak goes as follows:

“I counted, while I was still sitting on the horse, about 100 craniums of women and children outside the city, all craniums completely cleaned by animals. We then entered the town. On both sides of the roads were heaps of skeletons amongst the ruins, or fully dressed where they had stumbled. It was skeletons of women and girls with shoulder-long brown hair. We reached the church. Here the ground was entirely covered by skeletons, craniums and rotting, dressed bodies. The stench was unbearable. Then I entered the graveyard. The entire graveyard was filled with bodies stacked one meter tall, only partly covered by earth. Everywhere small hands, feet and heads of children with the prettiest hair was peeking out. Inside the church matters were worse. On the floor was heaps of rotting, uncovered bodies. I had never experienced anything as shocking and terrifying. … In the school, which used to be a beautiful building, 200 women and children had been burned alive.

Everywhere in the city the same scenario repeated itself … The man who committed these atrocities – Achmed Aga – has now been promoted by the sultan and remains governor of this district. No crime committed by the Turks were ever punished or even prosecuted. The persons behind the terrible actions against the inhabitants of Batak were thinking they were preforming the work of Allah.” (Poul Fregosi s. 394) A Bulgarian Muslim fifth column unit had even assisted the Turks in massacring their own people.

The congress of Berlin in 1878, which was presided by Bismark and had participants from Russia, Austria, England, France, Italy and Turkey, forced the sultan to yield Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia freedom from Muslim occupation and suppression, which initially ended 500 years of violent Muslim colonization efforts, which however has been resumed during the last 20 years with the Islamisation of Kosovo, which includes destruction of almost all ancient churches through detonation, demolition or burning, and the expulsion of the original Serbian population.

Lecture by Georg Brandes in Berlin February 2nd 1903

This lecture was held after the two “lesser” genocides on the Armenians in 1876 and 1894-96 etc. up to 1900. The number killed in these years has been counted anywhere from 300.000 to a million, according to which author one refers to. Brandes had not experienced the genocides himself and had not travelled there, in contrast to for instance Karen Jeppe. His sources were mainly Aage Meyer Benedictsen as well as German and English articles.

“Even the rulers are today forced to take into consideration a strong and uniformly spoken opinion, and it is therefore important to shout, until such public opinion awakens in all countries. Bodies of dead children in the street, killed by adherents of “The Religion of Peace”. Not least in the German lands. They all know that the Turkish Armenia during the last decade has been a scene of such horrors that the established history of the world hardly reports anything similar even from the worst of times. Nobody had, before we experienced it, thought it possible that an entire population could be held subject to such extortions, torture and mass killings. The blood of hundreds of thousands is screaming to the heavens …

I know that Turkey is a power connected to Germany with bonds of friendship. … Raising the cause for the Armenians in the public opinion of Germany might now have decisive effect. If the Armenians had nothing going for them but their disasters, it would be impossible to reject their participation. They have suffered what can hardly be spoken, much less described, as the listeners would hold their hands over their ears. Merely stating that 300.000 lives have been lost makes merely a superficial impression, and does not trigger much imaginative power.

What use is for instance the message that in 1894 a three week long massacre took place in the villages around Musj, that men, women and children indifferently were cut down, that everywhere violence was committed against the women before they died, that you would give 200 or 300 women at a time to the soldiers for rape, before they were killed with bayonets or sabres!

What use is it to relate what a German traveller reports from the place: In Kendranz the kurds had given each other word to rape any woman aged 5 or above! Or to tell: In another place up to 60 young women and girls were locked into a small church, delivered to the soldiers for raping, and finally killed by them. Blood eventually streamed out through the church doors. To make an unforgettable impression, one needs to go into detail. That hundreds of thousands have been killed makes less of an impression that how they were killed individually. A woman fell to her knees and begged the soldiers to spare her life – in reality two lives. “Is it a boy or a girl?”, the soldiers shouted. And they bet seven medsjidie on a boy. “Now, let's have a look!”, and cut open her stomach. The person relating this can relate all circumstances and the names of the witnesses. In another location the Kurds took as to if they were able to cut the heads of four children in one stroke, and settled the bet before the eyes of the mothers.

In Trebisund on the first day of the bloodbath an Armenian exited a bakery, where he had bought bread for his ill wife and his children. He was surprised by a raving band of Muslims. He begged for mercy. The pretended to accept not to harm him. He believes them and thanks them sincerely. But they were merely making jest. They tie his feet together. They chop off one hand and slaps his face with the bloody hand. They then chop off the other hand. Then they suggest him to make the sign of the cross, while others suggest him to shout louder, in order that his God may hear him. One cuts off his ears, first stuffs them into his mouth, then throw them in his face. Another shouts: “The mouth of the Effendi must be punished for rejecting such a delicious snack!” And they cut out his tongue. “Now he can no longer blaspheme.” One pops out one of his eyes. The terribly contracted face, the spasms of the poor body encourage these fanatics: they pop out the other eye and cuts off his feet, before they give him the final cut by a dagger stab in the throat.

(Many ladies are crying; others stand up, quite a few leave the hall.)

Later, in a report from the English consulate in Erserúm a scene is described from the village Semál, taking place before the bloodbath: The Armenian Azó had rejected turning in some of the best men in the place. The Muslim judge Talib Effendi and two Turkish captains let him be tortured a whole night. First he received bastonade (extended beating under the feet with sticks). Then they tied him naked with arms spread out to two ledges, and the whipping started. The unfortunate could not move a limb; the contractions in his face revealed his sufferings. The more he screamed, the more they beat him. He begged his executors to kill him. He tried to break his skull against the ledges. It was prevented.

When he still rejected to witness against his own, not wished to taint himself with innocent blood, Talib first let his beard tear out with tongs, then let his body be treated with glowing iron, burned him on his hands, in the face, the feet and on even more sensitive parts of the body. With a glowing tong his tongue was burned. Three times he fainted, but remained defiant. In the neighbouring room his wife and children, stiffened from fear, were forced to hear his suffering.

And then the imprisonment in Bitlis, for one, where the inmates, hobbled together by the hundreds, at times unable to either lie down or sit up in the horrible dirt, were also starved and subjected to torture. I know it and have felt it. You – my audience – have heard me with displeasure. You have pressed yourself to not shout at me: “Enough! Enough!”

I have noted that many ladies have left the hall. It has been gruesome to listen to this. I ask you to multiply the sufferings I have related to you by several hundred thousand and to consider what the ladies from Berlin could not stand hearing, the Armenians have suffered a hundred thousand times over.

This has taken place in our time, in the previous decade, four to five days of travel away from here – and we have let it happen, and have done nothing to prevent it. For a long time Europe was warned. The preparations for the murders in Sassún were so public that the English consulate in Erserúm in a long report requested protection for the Armenian people. England rejected to “interfere in the internal affairs of a friendly power.”. This is the eternal formula.

And this is the unheard: That though Europe is no longer ignorant, these atrocities continue. Even now Armenians are robbed of their freedom, property and cut down in scores. I could bring examples by the hundreds.

One example: On the 3rd of July 1900 five hundred Kurds surrounded the village Spaghánk. With bullets, sabres and bayonets they went to work. Women and children ran out to beg the soldiers for mercy. The smallest children were, still alive and screaming, lifted in the air on the bayonets; the women were undressed, abused and murdered. The village priest, an elderly of 80,had both sides of his mouth cut open and his jaws yanked out. The stomach of a pregnant woman Timene, married to the priests assistant, was cut open; the child cut into pieces and the woman killed, stabbed 50 times.

In 1878 the patriarch of the Armenian church, Nerses, send men with letters of empowerment to the congress in Berlin. And he had luck to make the congress develop article 61, which appears to ensure the future of the Armenians. This article, promises still unfulfilled, remains the hope any friend of the Armenian cause must cling to.

Europe appeared to have taken the suppressed under its protection. Unfortunately the participation was not meant in earnest. And the circumstance that the Armenians had dared to direct their petition to Europe further angered the bitterness against them in the Turkish government.

The Armenian institute in Constantinople (Istanbul) was closed, teaching Armenian history, assembling, holding parties, lectures etc. banned. The press was subjected to severe censorship. Imprisonment and persecutions increased in frequency. The Kurds were organized against the Armenians as cavalry regiments under the name Hamidiéh. The sultan provided these irregular troops his own name and he released them on their unfortunate neighbours to plunder them and beat them down. When the Armenians took up resistance, the government had an excuse to use mass torture and mass killings in order to eradicate the infidel, ie Christian, population.

Vid kongressen i Berlin den ottomanska regeringen hade i artikel 61 skyldig sig att anta de nödvändiga reformerna, garantera säkerheten för armenier och att stå till svars därför från tid till annan. Undertecknarna beviljades rätt till övervakning av genomförandet av dessa åtgärder. I 15 år därefter Turkiet pacificerade västmakterna som tom retorik.

Och om Turkiet så motiverad sig att svara på de insisterar anteckningar från de engelska, ryska och franska representanter genom att anta en massiv blodbad var de bara uppmuntras att göra så - är noterade även av ivrig och välinformerad patriot resenären Paul Rohrbach - eftersom den utmärkta relationen med Tyskland gjorde det möjligt för den turkiska regeringen. På grund av bristen på enighet de kunde slinka igenom och tysta armenierna med hjälp av bajonetter och lansar, skarpa sablar och glödande järn, våldtäkt och mordbrand.

Ingen kan förneka att enskilda tyska kvinnor och män visat sig hjälp. Tyska generositet har tagit hand om föräldralösa och hjälpte upp dem. Alla vet också tal Eduard Bernstein, och det är känt för alla att en man som Lepsius, som talande förlorat sin präst anställning för detta, har kastat in allt för att relatera till sina kolleger tyskar sanningen om armenierna.

Inte desto mindre, utan att den nära relationen mellan den tyska riket och den turkiska regeringen, den största politiska brott av förra seklet hade inte varit möjligt. Därför är det viktigt, inte minst i Tyskland, för att skapa ett yttrande till stöd för det armeniska folket.

I den mest berömda gamla isländska saga en kvinna kastar blod-indränkta cape sin dödade mannen över en släkting, som visade föga lust att ta hennes del, för att flytta honom att hämnas de döda. I detta fall ingen anser hämnd. Men om det var möjligt att kasta udden, stel med blod armeniska offren på axlarna av det tyska folket, för att flytta den tyska regeringen att kräva säkerhet och frihet för de överlevande från det gamla och hederliga armeniska stam, detta skulle vara mest användbara.

(Samlade verk Brandes, volym XVII)

Folkmordet på armenier, 1875-1876

År 1876 en ny sultan bestigit tronen som ledare för den islamiska kalifatet, den Osmannic imperiet. Muhammed hade i sin tid varit statsminister, högste domare och befälhavare för armén, och han följdes av kalifer som hade samma omfattande effekt. Kalifatet, som grundades i enlighet med islamisk lag, ingår den viktigaste av de områden som erövrades av Islam: Syrien, Egypten, Libanon, Irak, Turkiet, Armenien, Kurdistan, Grekland och slutligen Konstantinopel, som hade bytt namn till Islambul. Dessutom hade dessa områden bakom Konstantinopel också erövrats: Rumänien, Bulgarien, Albanien, Bosnien och Serbien.

De flesta av de erövrade områdena var helt kristna länder, men den speciella islamiska lagen, som hindrade muslimer att konvertera till kristendomen, och innebar att barn till blandade äktenskap tvingades att vara muslimer, och det faktum att konverteringen till islam var obligatoriskt för innehavare av offentliga kontor, orsakade andelen kristna att sjunka, samtidigt som den muslimska ökade. Den speciella islamiska kriget skatt som muslimska länder bara kunde extraheras från icke-muslimer, hade till följd att många kände sig tvungna att bli muslimer, om de skulle överleva svåra tider.

Men även vid bestigningen av Abdul Hamit som sultan år 1876 var endast 40% av befolkningen i Turkiet självt turkar. Kurderna var också muslimer, men även år 1900 9 miljoner kristna levde i området som utgör dagens Turkiet. Idag bara hundra år senare, bara 50.000 kvar. Vad hände med resten?

Abdul Hamid ville stärka den muslimska styre över dämpade befolkningen på nya sätt. Fram till dess hade islam decimerat antalet kristna genom att tvinga dem att leverera sina barn till muslimer, och många kristna kvinnor införlivas muslimska harem genom äktenskap. Det nya var att helt utrota den kristna befolkningen. Bland de ämnen som sultanen armenierna var mest flitiga och framgångsrika. I mer än ett årtusende de hade överlevt muslimska förföljelser och försök utrotning. Varje gång de uppstod på nytt och blev sparsamma handlare med en kultur där konst och poesi var mycket uppskattat.

De verktyg som används av sultanen Abdul Hamit var den turkiska armén och den turkiska polisen, och det kurdiska folket, som är muslimer. Han är utrustad kurderna med moderna gevär och gav dem relevanta militära färdigheter. Serpouhi Tavoukdijan skriver i sin bok "Utlandsfinländarparlamentet" som i utbyte mot sina vapen deras uppgift var att mörda armenier. De fick rätt att våldta armeniska kvinnor fria från straff och att titta armeniska hus och butiker som hör till den mördade.

I början på armenierna sätta upp lite motstånd, trots deras nästan fullständig brist på vapen. Då Abdul Hamid förstärkte kurderna med regelbundna turkiska trupper och lät förkunna en "heligt krig" mot de otrogna i landet. Ändlösa mord av civila bröt förlora, utförs av turkiska armén enheter och civila muslimer. Morden ägde rum i östra, västra, norra och södra Turkiet, överallt armenier skulle hittas. Så många mördades och svalt "att flitiga försvararen av Islam var tvungen att erkänna att armenierna inte längre kunde vara särskilt fara för den osmanska staten, åtminstone inte för kommande generationer gång. Han tvingades att förklara det heliga kriget. "(Tavoukdjian, s. 18).

Han var tvungen att göra detta eftersom flera länder, inte minst Frankrike, hade varnas för de systematiska folkmorden som sker i den islamiska riket. De europeiska länderna har hittills vänt blinda ögat till folkmordet och den fruktansvärda förtryck som drabbat de kristna befolkningen där. Men morden fortsatte i avlägsna områden.

I januari 1896 en broschyr publicerades i London med titeln "The Haunting Horror i Armenien" (textat: "Vem kommer att fördömd för denna") En svart framsida med blodiga röda bokstäver täckte 64 sidigt häfte, som var tänkt att uppmärksamma britterna att händelserna. Häftet beskriver de fruktansvärda massakrerna i Turkiet 1875-1876 och varnar för att lika skrämmande händelser kan vara på väg. Häftet innehåller också statistik om armeniska massakrerna anor från 30 september - 30 november 1875. Dessa är original turkiska statistik.

Här anges att armeniska städerna hunger minskade befolkningen med 75.000 och i byar antalet minskat med 350.000. Ovanpå detta kommer antalet direkt dödade armenier: I armeniska städerna 20.000 byar 3300. Under mindre än ett år sammanlagt 2.500 byar helt elimineras. En statistik över som utfört massakrer tillhandahålls också.

I Konstantinopel bara 172 mördades. Detta gjordes av polisen den 30 september. I Trebizunt den turkiska armén dödade 800 med hjälp av civila turkar. I Bajburt den 13 oktober 1000 armenier dödades av turkiska civila. I Bitlis den 25 oktober 900 dödades av soldater och kurdiska muslimer. I Kara Hissar den 25 oktober 450 mördades av turkiska militära och turkiska och kurdiska civila. I Erserum den 30 oktober 800 dödades av civila turkar och turkisk militär. I Urfa den 3 november 300 dödades. I Arabkir den 6 nov 2000 dödades av kurder och turkar. I Malatia den 6 november 250 dödades. I Haarpoot den 11 november, 1000 dödades av turkiska soldater och civila turkar och kurder. I Sivas om 12 november 1200 dödades av turkiska soldater och civila i Marsovan Den 15 november 125 dödades av turkarna. I Cesarea den 30 november 1000 dödades av muslimska Kirgisians och turkar.

The list is much more comprehensive, but the dates and the exact number of killed Armenians is lacking for many cities. The huge number who subsequently starved to death were victims of new laws forbidding Armenians to purchase food, which caused hunger and death, first among the Armenian population in the cities. The trade ban was total, all selling to and buying from Armenians was forbidden. The book relates that in Erzerum, after the relatively modest massacres of 800 killed, 5000 Armenians remained, who had no possibility to purchase even a single slice of bread.

As most Armenians lived in villages, a different tactic was applied here, namely the total destruction of the villages and every kind of Armenian agriculture and crops. The only persons permitted to buy food and survive were those who had converted to Islam. The message to destroy the Armenian villages was distributed through the mosques and passed on to the faithful muslims: “According to the Sunni-law, the killing and plunder of infidels is as much an act of worship and prayer.” (p. 51).

If the Armenians got any notion of what was about to happen, they went to the village leaders, who told them that they had nothing to fear, they were under protection. A few days later a common signal was given in the village, whereupon the Muslim neighbours and soldiers attacked the Armenians, looted, raped and murdered in a frenzy. After a few days of killing the surviving Armenians were ordered to dig mass graves, throw the bodies therein, and burn them in the same fashion the prophet in his days had mass graves dug out for the unarmed Jews in Medina.

The author continues to describe how surviving women and children after the example of Muhammad in Medina were distributed among Muslim men and became forced converts. (p. 51-52). The booklets adds a further warning: “It appears that the plan to exterminate and destroy Armenian villages, which turned out to be a huge success, will be applied to other minorities of the caliphate, and that already now a regime of terror is ruling Constantinople (Istanbul) (p. 52). The booklet, authored by WT Staed, was intended to warn England against the horrors still to come from Muslim side against non-Muslim minorities in the conquered territories, and was therefore printed in large stocks and sold at only 1 Shilling apiece. But it became known only in Christian circles. The rulers and people in power turned the deaf ear to it and thereby became accomplices to some of the worst genocide in the history of mankind.

The Sultan Abd-Ul-Hamid massacre 1895-96

The genocides of sultan Abd-Ul-Hamid were ordered from the highest place, the sultan himself, with active participation from the entire Islamic clergy and thousands of imams. Most of the large massacres had so far taken place in the outskirts of Persia and Mesopotamia, but the new sultan decided that the battle against the Christians should take place at the heart of the empire. The original population should be eliminated for good, and Turkey, originally a Christian country, should now become purely Islamic.

Islamic law commands that people and religions conquered by Muslims must be exterminated if they do not belong to the three protected groups: Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians. Therefore Buddhists and Hindus were killed without mercy wherever Islamic armies conquered new territories. A Buddhist and a Hindu had the choice of converting to Islam or be killed. Now sultan Abd-Ul-Hamid applied the same rule to Christians inside the empire: Either become Muslims or die.

The killings were initiated in the summer of 1894 in the city of Sussan, where 1200 Christians were killed, men, women and children. They were, however, not given the opportunity to become Muslims. Furthermore some Christian women were taken as plunder, that is, slaves for the sexual use of Muslim men.

Initially the sultan disguised the killings by increasing the tax on infidelity to prohibitively high levels. When the citizens were unable to pay, the sultan as punishment gave the Muslim Kurdish neighbours freedom to kill Christians in the area, and as a reward take over the houses and lands of the infidels, in accordance with the promises of the Quran that the faithful may take over the lands of the infidels. This order was subsequently extended to one village after another. If any village chose to defend itself, the Turkish army would attack them with cannons. The first order from the sultan to the Kurdish Muslims went as follows: “Take from the Christian dogs what you desire.”

When the killings became known, England demanded to know what was going on, and demanded inspectors placed in Constantinople. But the sultan denied all demands and used his right to 'taqiyia', that is lying towards infidels for the good of Islam: He denied all guilt and told that all the stories were only due to rumours and slander initiated by the Armenians against Islam.

Using his best acting skills, the sultan pretended to be deeply insulted by the English accusations and demands, and took contact to the pope in Rome requesting protection of the innocent (himself!). (Aage Meyer Benedictsen p. 2) While the west was conducting polite diplomacy and the sultan calmed the European worries, he simultaneously prepared for the final showdown with the “Armenian slanderers and hate preachers”. The first demand was for all Christians to hand over their weapons. Which were subsequently distributed to their Muslim neighbours! “

All was now prepared, and the time came around. It is clear that the killings were perceived by the general public as the will of the sultan. It was also obvious that they were executed according to minutely executed and guided plans, that they started and stopped on cue. And it is clear that not a single of the murderers or rapists ever were punished, and that leading civil servants were rewarded and promoted for their participation, while the reluctant were removed or punished. This was no spontaneous outbreak of fanaticism or public rage.” (Aage Meyer Benedictsen p. 193)

Trumpets blowing or the muezzin calling to prayer from the minarets initiated the genocide in each location, and trumpets sounding from the mosques ended each round of killings. Care was taken not to kill Europeans, as that would cause problems. The population was killed and their The Armenian Katholichos Mekrtitj Crimean “Hajrik” property divided; this was used as a lure to intensify the killings. The killings were undertaken with such discipline that a single gesture from an unarmed gendarme could keep the murderous mob away from American property.

The overture to the killings took place in Constantinople on September 30th 1895 and continued in Trapezunt, where the Armenians were driven out to be thrown in the sea and drowned. This procedure continued in the cities Erzingian, Baibuart, Bitlis, Erzerum, Arabkir, Diabekir, Malatia, Kharput and Sivar, and culminated in the terrible Christmas killings in Urfa 1895.

At Christmas the entire Armenian population of Urfa was rounded up and locked into the Christian cathedral, which was then set on fire. 1200 burned to death. Later killings took place in Constantinople and in Van in 1896. The written orders in the city of Arabkir is typical for the orders preceding the killings:

“All who are children of Muhammad, must now perform their duty and kill all Armenians, plunder their houses and burn them. Not a single Armenian must be spared!” Thus was the order of the sultan. “Those who do not obey this are to be considered Armenians themselves, and killed. Therefore every Muslim must show his obedience to the government and Islam by first killing the Christians, who lived in friendship with him!” (Meyer Benedictsen p. 195-196)

The supreme military leader of Anatolia in Erzingian distributed this command with an additional remark: “Kill the pigs.” The mob, who were incited to the killings and confiscating their property was protected by regular units of the Turkish army, who immediately opened fire if the Christians sought to defend themselves. They would either use cannons against the housing areas or merely watch passively.

“Left behind in the disgraced, destroyed homes sat the women and children among the bleeding bodies of their kin, themselves stiff from horror. In some places also the women were killed, but in most places the victors merely subjected them to abuse, rape and looting, and numerous flocks of orphans would wander about. The Armenian killings were initiated by the Turkish administration in order to gain the understanding and support of the Muslim population! (Meyer Benedictsen p. 195-196)

The intention was to use terror to drive as many as possible to Islam. That was the essence of the Abd-ul-Hamid plan. Therefore all men had to be murdered. Women could pass as slaves in Muslim homes, and children raised to be Muslims by killing their parents. This brought the caliph closer to his goal, the complete elimination of the original Christian population, whose country the Turks had occupied. The Turkish authorities in several instances gave the Christian population hits that by circumcision and conversion to Islam they would avoid death, “for this is the will of Allah and the prophet!”, it was said.

With high-strung forced ceremonies and circumcision of hundreds of Christians it was confirmed that they wanted to avoid death. At the same time it was made clear that those who did not follow suit could expect a terrible death. In particular in the provinces of Sivas, Bitlis, Van and Diabekir villages of forced conversions could be counted by the hundreds.

In 60 villages in the province of Karput not a single priest was left alive, not a single church remained. 568 churches in this area were levelled, while another 282 were converted to mosques. In a total of 559 villages those Armenians who survived the massacres were forced to convert to Islam. After the massacres all crucifixes were broken in public, the holy Bible spatted upon, its papers torn out and used for toilet paper.

An example shows what would take place if one would not forsake ones faith. In Biredjik, where 240 families who refused to become Muslims were destroyed, one old man was made an example of what would happen to the Christians who refused to become Muslims. When he refused to swear off Christ, he had his clothes torn off and was placed on burning charcoal. While he was writhing in agony, the Bible was held before his eyes and he was told to find some prophecies in the Bible worth trusting. Then he was nailed to planks. It happened several times that the instructions in the Quran to crucify the infidels was carried out. Then they shouted at him: “Call upon England! Call upon your Christ! Let him take you down!”

The worst fate awaited the leading Christian Armenians: teachers, doctors and priests. First they were arrested, then subjected to terrifying torture. Their hair was scorched with fire, the remaining hair and nails pulled out with tongs. They were then hanged for hours head down, while the executioners burned holes in their bodies with glowing rods. Often their wives and children were forced to watch the gruesome torture.

As the atrocities continued, more and more Armenians sought to defend themselves. As they had no weapons it was difficult, but in Zeitun in Kilikia seven Armenian villages defended themselves along with four Turkmenian. These villages were like birds nests on the sides of mountains. 10,000 inhabitants here resisted the attacks of 60,000 Turkish soldiers from November 1895 through February 1896. The population of Zeitun was spared after interference from the English Consul.

But what else did Europe do during this?

Ingenting. They preferred to maintain friendly relations with Turkey and the sultan. The
words of the sultan that it was just a set of unfriendly rumours against Islam were believed! “Islam is a religion of peace!” It was repeated over and over. This soon caused trouble for the sultan, for how to exterminate the Armenians in Constantinople, where the European diplomats were located?

The opportunity came in 1896. In order to attract European attention and help, 20 young Armenians occupied a bank and threatened to blow up the building, unless the Europeans helped them avoid total annihilation. They miscalculated. The sultan issued a statement declaring that Armenians were now attacking Turks everywhere, and that strict punishment was due.

Next day the systematic cleansing of the Armenians commenced. Quarter for quarter they were taken away and murdered. Thousands were beaten to death with clubs and iron rods. Long rows of horse charts were lined up to drive the heaps of bodies away from the streets. The killings lasted two days and stopped as suddenly as they had started. In these two days 6000-7000 Armenians were killed in the city, while the European press declared their understanding for the need of the Turks to defend themselves! In Germany, though, Dr. Johannes Lepsius in his book “Eine Anklage” (An Accusation) systematically documented the genocide through eyewitness accounts. But nothing happened.

CONTINUED HERE .

Kommentarer

By Mark on September 1st, 2009 at 1:34 am

Jewish Holocaust is real; Armenian claim of genocide is bogus
Did Jews establish Jewish armies behind German lines and kill noncombatant, unarmed German citizens in order o establish a Jewish state on German soil during WWII? Were Jews involved in terrorism, raids, rebellions, treason, territorial demands from Germany, or kill half a million Germans during WWII? Ottoman-Armenians did all that and more during WWI. So, whatâ??s with this talk of US Jews getting into the genocide debate? Wouldnâ??t equating the two be untrue and unethical? More importantly, the gravest insult to the silent memory of the Jewish victims of Holocaust?
Not every killing or suffering is genocide. Not every war crime or hate crime is genocide. Not every photo, tall tale, documentary, film, book is genocide. Genocide verdict can only be given at a competent tribunal after due process where all sides are given a fair chance to tell its side of the story and cross-examine the evidence and witnesses. This was never done in the case of Turkish-Armenian conflict. Armenians are trying to bypass legislation by applying political pressure. But it will not work! They will never come out on a bilateral commission of investigation ,check the archives

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By Ergun Kirlikovali on September 1st, 2009 at 5:03 pm

Genocide is a discredited political claim, not a juridical verdict

Genocide is a discredited political claim based on partisan history, not a juridical verdict arrived at after due process. The 1948 UN Convention stipulates that a genocide verdict be given only by a “competent tribunal” where “intent to commit genocide” is proven. Such a court was never held in the case of Turkish-Armenian conflict. Insisting on a non-existing genocide, therefore, is incorrect, misleading, unethical, and dishonest.

Armenian claims cannot be substantiated by historical evidence as such claims are mostly based on hearsay and forgeries. More than 69 American historians signed a statement in 1985 saying the Turkish-Armenian conflict was an inter-communal warfare fought by Christian and Muslim irregulars.

Armenian genocide claims ignore Armenian propaganda, agitation, terrorism, raids, revolts, treason, territorial demands, and the Turkish suffering and losses at the hands of the Armenians. TERESET (temporary resettlement order dated May 27, 1915) is deliberately misrepresented to unsuspecting masses as genocide, whereas it was a wartime home security measure in response to Armenian revolts and treason, not unlike the Guantanamo wartime measure of the United States in response to 9/11.

Let Bernard Lewis tell you the way it was: http://www.turkishcoalition.org/scholar/lewis.html

Med vänliga hälsningar,

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By Hakan M. Kahramanturk on September 2nd, 2009 at 12:32 am

Detta är artikel är bara en del av en kampanj för smutskastning och demonisering av turkisk kulturarv genom att förfalska historien. Inget av materialet här kan tas på allvar. Det verkar som att författarna använt anti-turkiska källor (som Umit Necef den Taner Akcam Danmarks) och deras anti-turkiska fördomar att släcka hat litteratur.

Underhållande en minut hopp om en avlägsen möjlighet att författarna faktiskt välmenande bigotta, bara dåligt informerade, kan följande korrigeringar att erbjudas som en tankeställare, att äkta och ärlig sanning arbetssökande:

1 - Folkmord är ett kategoriskt förkastas och misskrediterade politiska krav från armeniska förfalskare och Turk-haters, baserad på partisk historia, inte en juridisk dom kom till efter vederbörlig process. (Www.tallarmeniantale.com)

2 - 1948 års FN-konvention föreskriver att ett folkmord utlåtande endast ges av en "behörig domstol" där "uppsåt att begå folkmord" är bevisad. En sådan domstol aldrig hölls vid turkisk-armenisk konflikt. Insistera på ett icke-existerande folkmordet som lyncha mobs, därför är felaktigt, vilseledande, oetiskt och oärligt. (Www.turkishcoalition.org)

3-Armenian claims cannot be substantiated by historical evidence as such claims are mostly based on hearsay and forgeries. More than 69 American historians signed a statement in 1985 saying the Turkish-Armenian conflict was an inter-communal warfare fought by Christian and Muslim irregulars. (www.ataa.org)

4- Armenian genocide claims ignore Armenian propaganda, agitation, terrorism, raids, revolts, treason, territorial demands, and the Turkish suffering and losses at the hands of the Armenians, in that order, from 1882 to 1921. (www.turkla.com)

5- TERESET (temporary resettlement order dated May 27, 1915) is deliberately misrepresented to unsuspecting masses as genocide, whereas it was a wartime home security measure in response to Armenian revolts and treason, not unlike the Guantanamo wartime measure of the United States in response to 9/11. ( http://www.ethocide.com )

6- World renown historians like Let Bernard Lewis have studied the matter thoroughly before dismissing the partisan characterization of WWI events and claims of genocide by Armenian falsifiers and Turk-haters. ( http://www.turkishcoalition.org/scholar/lewis.html )

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By Aeneas on September 2nd, 2009 at 4:01 pm

https://libertiesalliance.org/2009/09/02/denial-of-the-armenian-genocide/ (includes links): I would like to refer people who want to learn about the Armenian Genocide to Donald Bloxham's scholarly work 'The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians' and to Statistics of Democide, Chapter 5, Statistics Of Turkey's Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources – By RJ Rummel. There are a wide range of government organisation that have recognised the Armenian genocide. Those who want to study the arguments used by some those leaving comments on our recent post 'The Turkish Genocides' which appear to be denying the Armenian Genocide should read 'Key Elements in the Turkish Denial of the Armenian Genocide: A Case Study of Distortion and Falsification' by Vahakn Dadrian. There is more material on the Armenian genocide on the website of the Zoryan Institute, at the Democractic Peace Blog, and genocide1915.info (also be sure to sign their petition).

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By Henrik R Clausen on September 6th, 2009 at 3:15 pm

Yes, Bernard Lewis, who strongly supported the American invasion into Iraq, was found guilty of genocide denial at a French court. That much I will admit.

But the remaining arguments are too lightweight to be granted consideration. We need not go to monumental authorities to determine the truth on the matter. What we need to understand is:

1) The nature of genocide : The intentional destruction of a people along with its cultural heritage.

2) What happened to the Armenians , Assyrians and others during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, which equals the formative years of the Turkish Republic .

3) That recognizing past crimes does not bring about the end of the world. Germany did so, and has been doing fine since WWII. Turks should be perfectly able to do likewise, with no subsequent collapse of their nation.

For this to work out completely, some study is required, and a bit of emotional distance from the gruesome events described, as well as the ability to distinguish proper documentation from propaganda. Proper documentation has details – lots of them – and is much less emotional than propaganda.

Getting to terms with history is good for everyone – and even prevents the worst of its mistakes to be repeated.

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:08 am

Del I
'Armenian genocide thesis' depends on forgeries, falsified documents and lies. Här är några av dem:

1)The number of Armenians who were relocated:
The number of the Armenians who were relocated was reported as 600-700 thousand by Bogos Nubar Pasha who attended to the talks of Sevres Treaty as a chief of Armenians; however the number of relocated Armenians is given as 1.5 million by some Armenian sources and 2 and even 2.5 million by some others. However, the total number of Ottoman Armenians including those who live in the West Anatolia (therefore who were not relocated) was reported as 1.5 million in Encyclopedia Britannica's 1910 edition which was edited by an English editor. It is another striking point that the total number of Ottoman Armenians was increased to 2.5 million in 1953 edition of the same encyclopedia which was edited by an Armenian editor.

2) Aram Andonian's book (The telegrams which were claimed to have been sent by Talat Pasha to order the massacre of the Armenians which were pressed in the book of Aram Andonian in 1920, in three languages): It was proven by both the Turkish and foreign historians that these telegrams were fake too.
After these telegrams were published in Daily Telegraph in England, in 1922, the English Foreign Ministry made a scrutiny and denounced that they were prepared by an Armenian association.

3)Diary of American Ambassador Morgenthau published in 1918. Professor Heath Lowry, an American historian from Princeton University displayed that the events depicted in the book depended on lies or half true events, by comparing the information Ambassador Morgenthau sent to American Foreign Ministry, with those written in the diary, in his book entitled 'The Story Behind Ambassador Morgenthau's Story', in 1990.

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:10 am

Part II

What's more, after the Ottoman State was defeated in the 1st World War in 1918, the French and English invaders arrested 144 high level Ottoman veteran or civil officials including the ex-prime ministers, ex-deputies, governors and many newspapermen, and banished them to Malta Island, claiming that they were responsibles for the death of Armenians. The English seized all the Ottoman Archives and also all other archives in other cities, like those in Urfa Governer House. No evidence could be found neither in the Ottoman and English Archives. The Americans, whom the English applied, failed to find any proof in American Archives and reports of American Orthodox church or missioners either. Nor could Damat Ferit Pasha, then the Ottoman Prime Minister who was in absolute collaboration with the English could find any evidence. And, they had to make all these 144 Ottomans free in 1921, since they could not find any proof to be able to verdict them.

Can you imagine a genocide planned by a government but no kind of proof can be found, even when the members of this government have been taken prisoners and when all her archieves are under control of the invaders and under the directory of an Armenian official? If The Blue Book, the telegrams of Aram Andonian and the diary of Ambassador Morgenthau (which had already been published at that time) were reliable proofs, why did the English and French invaders and the Americans not accept them to give verdicts of those 144 Ottoman officials?

Additionally, during the trial in Berlin of the Armenian assassin Soghomon Tehlirian, who had murdered Talat Pasha in Berlin on March 15th, 1921, none of the Andonian documents was allowed to be entered into the court proceedings as evidence (Dashnakists' book Justicier du Genocide, 1981, p.213).

4)The cover photograph of the book of Tessa Hoffmann: German Greek scholar Tessa Hoffmann printed the painting of Russian artist Vasili Vereshchagin entitled 'The Apotheosis of the Franco-Prussia War of 1871, depicting a mass of skulls which was probably painted after 1878, as if it were the photograph of 1915 Armenian genocide, in the cover of his book and had to admit his forgery during the trial of Doğu Perinçek held in Switzerland in March 2007, in which she was listened as a wittness.
Note that Tessa Hoffman is one of the scholars of genocide of the Armenians.

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:12 am

Part III

5) Atatürk's photograph: The large poster with 'FACE OF DENIAL-DOES NOT LIE' related to a conference given by Dr Vahram Shemmasian, Ardashes Kassakhian and Dr Levon Marashlian, at UCLA on April 14, 2005, organized by Armenian Genocide Commemoration Committee of Alpha Epsilon Omega, ( http://www.genocideevents.com/cities/losangeles.html .

The photo depicts the founder of the Turkish Republic, Ataturk, sitting on a chair outside a house with the corpse of a young girl with her innards exposed to the elements. Soon, the original of this photo was found by the Turks: It was a photograph of Ataturk for his wife Latife Hanım as a souvenir, posing with some 'cute dog puppies' at his feet. Two photos were printed in the July 1, 2005 issue of Hurriyet ( http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/07/01/665930.asp ), as 'a forgery scandal'.

It is another outstanding point that no dissenting comments were ever heard. What UCLA's ethical committee did was to erase the handwritten note and doctor a photo of Armin Wengler in place of the puppies.

6) Falcified allegations of speeches attributed to Atatürk: The first claim about Atatürk was that he was one of the witnesses, who supported Armenians in the “Court Martials” in İstanbul. In this claim, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was confused with the Chairman of the “Court Martials”, Mustafa Kemal, whose nickname was Nemrud. During the trials in İstanbul, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was in Ankara as a leader of the national struggle. James H. Tashjian, the Armenian editor of the Armenian periodic 'The Armenian Review' stated that Mustafa Kemal, then a Pasha, never appeared before such a tribunal, nor did he render such a statement (The Armenian Weekly Boston, Mass, USA, March 20, 1982 and The Armenian Review Volume thirty five, Autumn 1982); however James H. Tashjian was fired from his work later on.

The second claim was about the statement, which attributed to Atatürk, given to Los Angeles Examiner in 1926. However, it was proven that this claim, which was made by Armenians in various platforms, was false. There was no evidence that a Swiss journalist, who was called Emile Hilderband, came to Turkey. Moreover, it was not found a journalist named Hilderband in the documents of Swiss authorities.

The third claim about Atatürk was put forward in Yeni Binyıl newspaper on 8 October 2000. According to this claim in his speech in Turkish Grand National Assembly, on 24th of April 1920, Atatürk condemned the leaders of Jön Turks for their genocide policies. After the research of the speech records of Turkish Grand National Assembly in both open and secret sessions, it was proven that Mustafa Kemal did not make such speech.

One of the last claims about Atatürk was put forward by European Parliament, Foreign Affairs Committee's report on Turkey on 22nd of November 2001. In the footnote of this report claimed that Mustafa Kemal gave a speech in Turkish Grand National Assembly on 10th of April 1921, in which he said Jön Turk regime followed genocide policy against Armenians in the First World War. After the research of the speech reports of Turkish Grand National Assembly, it was seen that Mustafa Kemal did not speak in Turkish Grand National Assembly in April 1920. He even did not attend any session of Assembly during April 1920.

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:15 am

Part IV

Part IV
7) A quote attributed to Adolf Hitler in which he purportedly responded to a query about his planned annihilation of European Jewry, by quipping: 'Who, after all, speaks today of the extermination of the Armenians?', on August 22, 1939, a few days prior to his invasion of Poland (Obersalzberg speeches).

935
Part IX

Contrary to Richard Hovannisian and other Armenians, the Nuremberg transcripts through their preservation of US-29 (798-PS), US-30 (1014-PS), and the notes of Admiral Boehm (which are corroborated by the relevant passages from the diary of General Halder), in no way authenticate the infamous Hitler quote. On the contrary, by establishing the actual texts of Hitler's Obersalzberg speeches they demonstrate that the statement is conspicuously absent from Hitler's remarks. The assertion that Hitler made a reference to the Armenians in any context whatsoever is without foundation. (Heath W Lowry, The US Congress and Adolf Hitler on the Armenians, Political Communication and Persuasion. Vol 3, No 2, 1985 Crane, Russak & Company Inc. http://www.tetedeturc.com/home/spip.php?article565
According to the Armenians the speech had been introduced as evidence to the Nuremberg Tribunal (L3 document, USA-28 document (www/cwporter/com/gl3.htm.) which was defined as 'forgery' (David Irving, 'Nuremberg: The Last Battle', 1996, p.100).

A certificate dated, 25 June 1948 signed by Paul A Joosten, General Secretary of the International Military Tribunal states that L3, USA-28 Photostat document submitted as evidence has been withdrawn, in accordance with Rule 10 of the Tribunal but held in the National Archives.
Mr Carlos Porter, who found these documents made the following important warning:

''Note: This translation attempts to retain the style and punctuation of the original, which is not correct in German: full space before colons and commas, no full space before following word. The document contains not one single sharp S (§ ) a standard letter in the German alphabet. C.Porter.

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:18 am

Part V

8) Den mest dramatiska lögn är om resultatet av armenierna, som flyttades. Eftersom majoriteten av dessa armenier återvände till sina hem.
Jo, den 18 december 1918, en lag som låter armenierna återvända till sina hem och hävdar deras egenskaper har utfärdats av det ottomanska staten. Här är icke-ottomanska bevis:

*In a report prepared by the Armenian Patriarchate in 1921, the Armenians who lived on the Ottoman territory in Anatolia, Middle East and those who returned to their previous locations were shown as 644 900. It was added that the Armenians who became Muslim, who were hidden and who did not encourage to return their homes were not included but they were assumed to be 20 000 (US ARCHIVES NARA, Mikrofilm No.T1192, Roll8; Department of State Papers….,860).

*In an article published in Der Neue Orient Magazine, it was reported that the number of Armenians in Ottoman Armenia was thought to be 470 000 (including those who lived in İzmir and İstanbul but excluding the Armenians who escaped to Caucasia). Additionally more than 30 000 Armenians lived in Adana and 40 000 in Aleppo (Der Neue Orient May 1919, p.178)

*The Armenian population in Cilicia (Çukurova) was reported as 218 000 in a document dated July 1920 (US ARCHIVES NARA, Mikrofilm No: T 1192R 2;860J.01/395. Appendix. From Acting High Commissioner Dulles to the Foreign Minister).

* In a memorandum presented by Bogos Nubar Pasha, chief of the Armenian delegation in Paris Conference which started in December 1918, it was announced that 150 000 Armenians were given financial support and taken to Cilicia from Syria, by the French government (US ARCHIVES NARA T1192. Roll 4.860J.01/431).

*In a report presented to American Congress by Near East Relief (NER) dated December 31, 1921, it was reported that nearly 300 000 Armenians returned to Cilicia and they were protected by France and England. …However the poor Armenians had to escape after the French abandoned the region (US ARCHIVES NARA T1192. Roll 4.860J.01/431 and US ARCHIVES NARA M353 Roll 55. Report of the NER to the Congress for the year ending).

* In a report presented by Aneurin Williams, chief of English-Armenian Committee, to Lord Curzon it was reported that many immigrants who were forced to migrate in 1915 returned to Cilicia from Syria, Palastine and Egypt after the Mondros Armistice (UK ARCHIVES, FO 608/278).

* In a report presented by the English Black Sea Forces Intelligence Department to the War Cabinet, it was reported that the Armenian population in Anatolia including İstanbul and Edirne was 773 430 in 1914 and it was 658 900 in 1919, excluding that of Erzurum (UK ARCHIVES, WO 158/933, No:5796,1,s.3).

Here are evidences about the Armenians who returned to their houses: These Armenians cooperated with the French and English armies and fought in these armies individually wearing their uniforms. Here are archive evidences:

*Boghos Nubar Pasha: 'In 1919 and 1920, when the Kemalists attacked to the French soldiers, the Armenians made war for France in Maraş, Haçin, Pozantı and Sis. The French succeeded to take back Antep, by the help of the Armenians. Therefore, the Armenians are an ally of France' (USARCHIVES NARA T1192. Roll 4.860J.01/431).

*A decision made by The American Committee for the Independence of Armenia which was presented to the Lausanne Conference on January 16, 1923: 'As the minister Bellet declared, the Armenian legionelles (lejyonerler) joined to France after being promised that autonomy would be introduced to Cilicia and therefore they occupied Cilicia in 1918 (carrying the flag of France) . (US ARCHIVES NARA T1192. Roll 4. 860J.01/562).

*Boghos Nubar Pasha: 'Since 1918, 40 000 Armenians lost their lives' while fighting together with the French (US ARCHIVES NARA, 8605.01/438).

*A list of the Armenians who fought in the French Army and died had been displayed under the title of 'The Armenians who died for France'. In the list, the cities where these soldiers were born were also stated and nearly all of them were Ottoman Armenians ( http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Palais/2230/ww2.html )

*'The Armenians informed the Allies that they would establish an army of 150 000 soldiers and attempt to establish an independent Armenia in the east (From Berlin November 6, 1917; vorzulegen zGK:WLRNadolny. German Archives of the Foreign Ministry, Bd.48,R.14097, No.7169).

*' Armenians massacred many Turks, in the district of Erzincan and surroundings where the Russian retreated' (The telegram sent by Kühlmann, German ambassador of İstanbul to German Foreign Ministry. German Archives of the Foreign Ministry, Bd. 47, R.14096, No.7165, No.591).

*The report of Pallavici, İstanbul ambassador of Austria-Hungary, sent to Ottokor Grafen Czernin on February 9, 1918: ''The Armenian guerrillas (bands) who fought nearby the Russian armies in Caucausia, misbehaved the Turkish people and Turks in Platana (district between Erzincan and Trabzon) were mass killed' (German Archives of the Foreign Ministry, No: 13/PB, Konstantinopel. Wien).

*A news from Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, dated February 14, 1918: 'The Armenian bands (guerrillas) have been misbehaving Ottoman people barbarously and brutally in districts where the Russian retreated in Caucasia (German Archives of the Foreign Ministry, Der Weltkrieg R. 20145, Bd.279; Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 14-02-1918).

*A news from Germania Gazette, dated February 23, 1920: 'English Commission Responsible For Armenia requested help of other states (allies) to arm the Armenians, especially the Cilicians and to protect them.

*English Marshal Allenby stated that when they beat the Turks in Şam, there were 8000 Armenian soldiers who were fighting together with them (The New Near East Vol 6, No:7: Genel No: 31, January 1920, p.28)

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By Mustafaka on September 13th, 2009 at 10:19 am

Part VI

Now I want to ask the Armenian diaspora:

'If all the scholars of the world, including the international scholars of genocide, support your thesis of genocide, then WHY HAVE YOU SPENT THIS EFFORT TO FALSIFY ALL THESE DOCUMENTS? WHY HAVE YOU NEEDED LIES? WHY ARE YOU AFRAID OF DOCUMENTS SO MUCH? What is the reason of your strict resistance to present your thesisin historical commissions made up of historians from both sides and other countries?

What kind of a truth are you seeking? The one which exists or the one you want to imagine?

And I want to ask the world opinion:

Your sensitivity to condemn genocides, mass murders is appreciable. But while doing this, are you ready to be unbiased? Will you be able to discard all the prejudices the history has instilled you up till now? Will you be able to prefer scholar research rather than your prejudices?

Will you be able to acknowledge the great massacres inflicted on the Turks and Muslims by the Armenians before and after 1915? Will you be able to condemn the Armenians who slaughtered the Turks and Muslims and buried them into large holes and even threw alive children into these holes in the Eastern Anatolia?(see diary of Russian Lieutenant Colonel Twerdo-Khlebof 'I wittnessed and I Lived Through Erzurum, 1917-1918′; http://www.tsk.mil.tr/ermeni_sorunu/arsiv_belgeleriyle.. .). (Ahmet Refik Altınay. İki Komite ve İki Kıtal. İstanbul, 1919;p.71-72; 321-23).

So, I am afraid, it is actually you the world opinion who faces a big examination!

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By zicli on September 17th, 2009 at 10:46 am

I present the following excepts just to tell you about the other side of the picture seen from the Turkish side, which are presented by our grandmothers and grandfathers but denied by the Armenians:

Massacres inflicted upon Turks/Muslims by the Armenians during the WWI.

-In Van, Çarikser Village, a child was bayoneted and was cooked on fire as if he were a lamb by the Armenians.

-In Van, Ahtucu Village, the six-month old baby of a woman Zeliha, was thrown into the oven (tandir) by the Armenians while she was baking bread.

Then the woman was ordered to eat her baby! When she rejected, her right leg was forced into the oven and burned [Telegram of Van Gendarme Troop Commander Ali Vasif (May 11 1916)].

- In Trabzon, the massacred Muslim folk were filled into wells and the bodies of people whose arms and legs had been plucked were thrown into the gardens. The mosques were defacated and even the fruit trees were violated (Telegram of Captain Ahmet Refik, May 1, 1918).

In the Eastern Anatolia, it had become usual to see dead Muslims of all ages whose bodies had been destroyed, with heaps of cut up legs, arms, heads, noses around. The bodies of women displayed overt signs of violation by force. Russian Lieutenant Colonel Griyaznof reported that gun rockets were installed into the vaginas of women bodies.

-The Turks who had been slaughtered like animals were buried in large holes in the Eastern Anatolia (Lieutenant Colonel Twerdo-Khlebof. I wittnessed and I Lived Through Erzurum,
(Ahmet Refik Altinay. Iki Komite ve Iki Kital. Istanbul, 1919;p.71-72).
Alive children were also filled in these holes (Ermeni Komitelerinin Amal ve harekat-i Ihtilaliyesi, p 321-23).

-The Turkish History Association is continuing to open up these amss graves to bring out the bodies, as verified in eye witness accounts.

-The Armenians blinded 15 000 Turkish soldiers and burned their skin by forcing them into so-called 'disinfection pools' with excessive crizole, in 1918, in the prisoner camp of Alexandropol, Egypt, in cooperation with the English soldiers (Altinay Ahmet, Bir Turk Subayinin Ingiliz Esir Kampinda Uc Yili, 2004)'

-They murdered 40% of the Muslim population in Van, Bitlis, Erzurum (Ozdemir Hikmet. Salgin Hastaliklardan Olumler 1914-18. 2005).

Were the tragedies the Turks/Ottoman Muslims suffered, less than those of the Armenians?

And the Armenians were the very responsibles of all the above events, which are only a few of all.

And, each one of the above events is a subject of a novel, a cinema or a documentary film, an essays. However, why are they not the Turks but the Armenians who prefer to mourn for the events of 90 years ago continually, through novels, films, memories etc and spend extreme effort to keep these memories alive, as if they have rehappened every new day's morning?

It is not surprising that the Armenians fiercefully reject suggestions of Turkey to discuss these events in Joint Commissions made up of Armenian, Turkish historians and historians from other countries. Because they fear even of having a look at these events from other perspectives and therefore losing the freedom of their imagination to consider them. They seem to have liked the label of 'a victim' and do not want to lose it; or do not want to realize that the Turks were also victims.

Is it just a coincidence that while Armenian population is continually decreasing due to external migration of the workless countrymen, the diaspora Armenians are living in high standarts in Europe and USA and wealthy? And is it not interesting that instead of providing financial help for their countrymen, they spend huge amounts of money to keep Turkish hatred alive and aggravate enmity against Turkey and every kind of thing that has even any little relationship with a Turk.

Is it not amusing that it is this enemy Turkey and the Turks who provided work for more than 60 000 illegal workers of Armenia who entered Turkey up till now, unlike the wealthy diaspora Armenians who are in deep love with their country and countrymen?

Therefore, it is inevitable to remember Churchill's saying: 'If a dispute arises between 'today' and 'yesterday', we lose 'tomorrow'. The Armenians and the Armenian diaspora, including the Armenian commenters of this blog, unfortunately are not aware that they are losing their 'tomorrow'.

In a novel of a Turkish novelist Selim İleri, a character says: 'I killed you, while I was trying to present you my endless love'. The Armenians and Armenia are slowly killing themselves, while they are trying to express their endless love towards themselves and their grandparents….

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By esin on September 18th, 2009 at 11:01 am

I call the readers to read the following testimonies of the Turkish victims of the Armenians and question the reliability of the article above and reliability and respectablity of the author:

http://www.karabakh-doc.azerall.info/ru/armyanstvo/arm12eng.htm#z3

Testimonies of Witnesses

MUHAMMET RESIT GÜLESER
Father's Name: Abdullah
Mother's Name: Habibe
Place of Birth: Van
Date of Birth: 1900
I was a young student at the Dar'ül-Muallimin school, around 15 or 16 years old during the Armenian massacres, and remember what happened quite well. Before the First World War, we had good neighborly relations with the Armenians (whose population was said to be approximately 17,000).
With the declaration of the constitutional monarchy in 1908, they started to exploit the principles of independence, equality, and justice to their benefit. Their leader in Van, Aram Pasha, was in the delegation that notified Sultan Hamit that he would have to leave his throne. The Armenians set up an underground organization in Van, and dug tunnels which extended from near the Great Mosque (Büyük Cami) all the way to the old section of town. It was even possible to go through these tunnels on horseback. One day the tunnels were inadvertently discovered when a section caved near a guard. Even though Aram Pasha was detained near the Great Mosque based on the intelligence provided by an Armenian after the discovery, he was released without punishment due to the political sensitivities of the time.

In short, the Armenians were very well organized. Already well established in commerce, they were doing very well financially. After the Armenians and Jews were permitted to join the military, groups of Armenians joined the military during the retreat of the Van division. The Armenians entered the military prepared — with their own weapons. Our soldiers were carrying German-made primitive weapons that after firing four shots, would drop the fifth bullet. According to what we had heard from Mr. Hacž Latif and others who later returned to Van, the Armenians in the Van division were shooting our soldiers in the back. There were also several cases of Armenian doctors and nurses poisoning our wounded soldiers who were hospitalized in Van after returning from the eastern front.

Regarding the situation in Van, the Russians were approaching from three fronts, Muradiye, Özalp, and Baskale. The Armenians in the city were rebelling and continued an aggressive campaign against the Muslim population for 29 days. We had three barracks, Hacž Bekir, Aziziye, and Toprakkale. Ten soldiers would guard each one. They raided these barracks and slaughtered the soldiers like sheep by slicing their throats. Ali Çavus was also martyred there. While our weak militia were digging trenches to try to fight, the Armenians made holes in the walls and were firing shots with machine guns, pouring cans of kerosene, lighting fires, and escaping through the deep tunnels. This brutal attack lasted 29 days. The decision to flee was finally made so that the Muslim population would not suffer any more deaths. Those with carts used them; those without were under desperate conditions, but we all joined the exodus. People left their children on the road, others died from hunger and disease.

It should be remembered that the Armenians not only committed large massacres in Van, but in the villages as well. The homes in the villages of Tžmar, Baskale, and Özalp were stuffed with hay and set on fire. Those that tried to escape were killed with bullets and bayonets. The inhabitants of a few villages in Zeve organized and fought the Armenians, but almost all of them — from seven different villages — were killed. Mass graves are still being uncovered in these villages and a memorial was built.

Of the twelve ships that carried the Muslim refugees from Van, four of them carried government employees and their families. All of the sailors aboard the vessels were Armenians. The Armenian bandits, aided by these sailors, forced the four government employee boats to dock at the Adžr island, and killed all of the passengers. As for those in the other eight boats, they were taken to another island near Tatvan where Armenian bandits were waiting, but were able to escape with few casualties because they were armed.
When we left Van, we first went to Bitlis, and later to Diyarbakžr. We witnessed the Armenian savagery along the way. Finally, I will tell you about what we saw and heard upon returning to Van. The Armenians applied all types of torture to the inhabitants, God bless their souls. They paraded Isa Hodja, who was over 100 years old, on a donkey through the village, raided and looted homes, and gathered women and girls into Mr. Ziya's home where they repeatedly raped them. They threw the bodies of the dead into wells, and even filled the well of our mosque with their victims' bodies.
When General Cevdet entered Van for the first time, he asked the gendarmes to escort 130 women whose husbands were at the front to Diyarbakžr. They had been stranded in Van because they did not have any transportation. About 30 of them stayed in our house. They spun wool to survive. They were also given military rations. They told us that there was no end to the torture and cruelties they suffered at the hands of the Armenian bandits. The Armenians skinned the men, castrated them, and raped and impaled the women.
We returned to Van four years later. We stayed two years initially, but were forced to flee again when the Russians arrived. This time we went as far as Siirt. When we returned 200-250 Armenian families were seeking refuge on the Çarpanak island. They were hoping that the Turks would leave, and that they would resettle in Van. Most of them were artisans. A short time later, a new decree was issued, and they were sent to Revan under the protection of the government. However, Van, raided seven times by the enemy, was completely destroyed except for the Armenian quarters. We had to rebuild the city.

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By esin on September 18th, 2009 at 11:05 am

2
SEYH CEMAL TALAY
Father's Name: Cimsid
Mother's Name: Fatma
Place of Birth: Van
Date of Birth: 1901

The Russians were providing weapons to the Armenians. With military assistance from the Russians and encouragement from England, France, and the United States, all of which had consulates in Van, Armenians increased their hostilities in the beginning of 1915. The Russians were secretly providing them with sophisticated arms hidden in food supplies sent from Russia to the port of Trabzon, and from there sent by caravan to Van. The goods on the caravans were distributed in the center of the old city, and the hidden ammunition was secretly distributed to the Armenian militants. The leader of the Armenian rebellion in Van was Aram Pasha, but I don't remember the name of the leader of the Dashnaks. They all had land claims, especially in Van. The 11th squadron was assigned to Van, but went to Erzurum to mobilize. The Armenian bandits were emboldened by this and started their campaign of terror against the Muslim inhabitants.

The militants were launching raids on the Muslim villages and neighborhoods. The only thing we had to fight them with was a militia led by IImam Osman, composed of those either too old or too young to join the army.
Let me tell you a story which I will never forget. I went to a school located near the government mansion. Armenians studied at the same school. Some of the students in the Armenian underground went to get a Muslim student named Rüstü from his home on the pretext of studying. They took him to the Isžtma bridge near the industrial park. After insulting him, they raped and killed him, leaving his body for his family to find the next day. The family later composed a ballad to honor his memory.

I can remember the beginning of the skirmishes between the Muslims and Armenians. Our militia, which would meet in the Mahmut Aga barracks across the street from the Van State Hospital, was on duty a day before the war with the Armenians started. The Armenians prepared the night before and positioned themselves well. They had dug holes in the State mansion, and when our militia was preparing for morning prayer at a fountain nearby, the Armenians showered them with bullets. Many of our soldiers were killed. The fighting between local Muslims and Armenians had begun. Everyone took to the streets, and mass confusion ensued. Despite this, we got up and went to school. We had two teachers, one from Selanik, one from Edirne. They said “Come on kids, let's all forgive each other, we might not see each other again,” and suggested we use the side streets to avoid Armenian bullets. I left school with some friends, but decided to take our regular route. We saw that weapons and munitions were being distributed in front of a munitions storage area for protection against the Armenians. We then noticed a few Armenians creeping up from behind, and notified the man distributing the weapons. He threw down the munitions in his hand and fired on them, and they ran away.

The wars started on April 2-3, 1915. In 1914, the Russians had not been able to penetrate the front line, but they surrounded our soldiers from behind by passing Çaldžran-Bahçesaray, and established a headquarters in the Molla Hasan village.

It was difficult to provide our soldiers with military supplies since the young students and elderly people carrying the equipment could not go further because of the cold weather. Many of them died.

We couldn't go anywhere either. But in the spring the Armenians went completely crazy. On May 10, 1915, the Russians were moving toward Van. On Governor Cevdet's orders we evacuated Van, taking with us what we could carry. During the war, Armenian brutality had reached a stage that no one, including the old, sick, captive, women, or children, could escape. The atrocities reached the degree that even the Armenians' main supporters, the Russians, were trying to prohibit their actions.

My grandmother Mihri couldn't flee with us because one of my uncles was paralyzed from the waist down. Unable to speak because of the shock of what happened in our absence, she later used sign language to explain what had transpired. They shaved my uncle's mustache along with his flesh, and then took them to a house which they used as a detention center and tortured him and the other captives until the Russians arrived.

When we became refugees there were 23 members of our family. We lost most of our family on the road to Bitlis and Urfa. Only two of us returned to Van. Our first stop on the road was Bitlis where we arrived in 11 days, and then went to Siirt, where we had relatives with whom we stayed for a few months. When we heard about the Russian advance, we again fled to Diyarbakžr. Our convoy consisted of 250 people. We suffered from hunger and thirst on the way. We went through Kurtalan and Diyarbakžr and the village of Kebir, where we didn't stay long, and again took the road to return to Van. When we reached Kurtalan, we learned that the Russians had entered Van again and went to Siirt. In the spring of 1916 we went to Baghdad, but fled to Mardin when the English advanced. In 1917 we arrived in Urfa. The French who entered Urfa started tormenting the Muslims by bringing the Aleppo Armenians to the city. This time we fought for 22 days.

We had left Van in 1915. When we were finally able to return, only two people remained from the 23-member family. Van was totally destroyed. The Armenians burned and demolished everything except for the Armenian-owned homes. In fact, when the Turkish army entered Van, around 2,000 Armenian artisans, expecting retaliation for their repression of the Turkish population, sought refuge on the island of Adžr. The Turkish government instead ensured their safe passage to Revan.

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By esin on September 18th, 2009 at 11:09 am

3
BEKIR YÖRÜK
Father's Name: Yusuf
Mother's Name: Gülnaz
Place of Birth: Van
Date of Birth: 1900

Q: Can you tell us as best as you can remember what the Armenians did in Van and Gevas?

A: We lived in the same neighborhoods as the Armenians. We too lived in the Norsin neighborhood and got along well until the Russians intervened. In those days, Armenian youths established committees with Russian encouragement, and started causing trouble. They killed the superintendent of police and threw him in the park. They killed the postman in Hasbagž. They bombed a building now replaced by a bathhouse, and twenty people died in the explosion. When the constitutional monarchy was declared, the mufti and the priest shook hands and extolled the brotherhood of Muslims and Christians. The Mufti cried as he shook hands, but events developed against us. The committee members became increasingly out of control and the rebellion began. We fought the Armenians for 29 days in Hasbagž. We had no weapons. When the division went to Erzurum, we remained completely defenseless.

The Armenians who joined the army after the establishment of the constitutional monarchy used our weapons to shoot at us, and those who remained in the army hit our soldiers from behind. They also bombed the barracks. The young people and the elderly left in the Muslim neighborhoods would take turns guarding against the Armenians. Meanwhile, the Russians were sending them gold to finance their effort.

This struggle lasted 29 days until the arrival of the Russians. The elderly Armenians didn't want this fight because they were the wealthiest inhabitants of the area, and feared sacrificing their standard of living. Armenians owned up to 1,000 stores and sold European cloth in the old part of the city of Van. When these events broke out, inhabitants of nearby villages and towns all fled to Van, and those stores disappeared within two days.

Fifty vessels full of people left Van, three of which carried wounded soldiers. Cevdet Pasha saw the passengers off at the pier. We went to Adžr Island, where the Armenians were training underground. We stayed on the island for nine days. The waves destroyed some of the ships with wooden sails. The island had wells and two bakeries. No one brought any supplies from Van. We were hungry and distraught. My elder brother was an officer and came back wounded from Erzurum. My brother realized that the Armenians would cut us off. He convinced his captain, and ten ships left from there, but we couldn't go very far. Thank God we stayed close to shore. The next day we reached Tatvan, but under difficult circumstances. The day we left Van the Armenians had set everything ablaze. There were wounded soldiers from all parts of Turkey in Van, and the Armenians fired on apartments used as hospitals where they were staying. That is why Van is sacred ground with martyrs from 67 provinces [in Turkey].

My uncle, Terren Aga, was very old, and we couldn't take him with us when we left Van. His wife, daughter, and two grandchildren remained with him. Armenian hoodlums beat my uncle and the children with an ax and killed them. His daughter hid in an abandoned American school. When the Armenians found her, they killed her by throwing her from the second floor.

We went to Bitlis from Tatvan where we remained for nearly two months. When the Russians arrived, we again went on the road. We then went to Hizan and Diyarbakžr. After we left, the Gendarme commander — who was crying like a baby — brought my uncle (who was Deputy Governor Ömer Bey) a report. A soldier named Mansur was also present. When we asked him to explain, he said that three days after Van was emptied they went to pick up the bodies. Hundreds of elderly women were impaled on stakes. They still had their scarves on and looked as if they were sitting. When they got closer they saw that they were killed before being impaled. They saw a woman who was split in two and her unborn child was placed on her chest.

Muslims who witnessed these thousands of examples of inconceivable brutality tearfully reported the incidents to Ömer Bey, who then told Mustafa Kemal. When the Russians finally arrived, they were displeased with the savageness which resulted in the destruction of four-fifths of Van. In addition to those massacred by the Armenians, many people also died as they were fleeing. Many collapsed on the road from hunger and disease. No one was able to take anything with them when they left Van.

When we returned to Van from exile three years later we found the Muslim neighborhoods leveled to the ground, but the areas owned by Armenians were left undamaged. When we returned there were about 2,000 Armenians living in Van who fled to the islands when the Turks started returning. Two years later, the government sent them to Revan.

Q: Did you ever participate in the fighting or use a weapon?

A: No, I have never used a weapon. I didn't have a gun, plus they didn't give me one because I was too young and didn't know how to use it. Instead, I would bring food and water to the combatants.

Q: What kind of equipment were the Armenians using?

A: They had the latest equipment which was provided by Russia and England. They gave them weapons and had them fight us. The Armenians couldn't do anything to us, but when they were armed, the balance was upset.

Q: Did many people die in these and other clashes?

A: Of course, thousands of people died. After fighting for 29 days, the then-Governor Cevdet Pasha commanded us to leave Van when he heard that the Russian forces were approaching. Cevdet Pasha was actually a very courageous man, but we had neither guns nor ammunition, while the Russians were armed with top of the line weapons.

Q: Didn't the Ottoman state take any precautions against the Armenians arming themselves to this extent? Didn't word get around?

A: People knew, and the government knew. Yet the military was on the fighting front, and only a few gendarmes were left in Van. They couldn't do anything about it. The Armenians first shot Police Lieutenant Nuri Efendi, and blew up the Hamitaga barracks. Many soldiers were killed. Then they placed bombs in the Norsin Mosque and Hacž Naci Hodja Mosque. They blew up Hafžz Hodja along with his son. Our women were raped, and our children shot.

Q: How was the evacuation carried out?

A: We left from here on 50 ships. That day the weather was stormy and rainy, as if all hell broke loose. The ships ran into each other. They were unable to approach the pier for a long time. The weather hadn't warmed up yet — I think it was April. We left before the Russians arrived. There were about 250 people in our group, and 60 died. Some died at the hands of the Armenian bandits, others from cholera, disease, and hunger.

My uncle, his family and children, were all cut into pieces with a hatchet under the mulberry tree in our neighborhood. They [Armenians] massacred all those that stayed behind when we left. We lived in the Norsin neighborhood at the time. They burned all of Van.

All of this was planned by the Armenian committees which treacherously manipulated the Armenian population.

Q: Do you remember the names of those committees?

A: Dashnak was the most prominent one. There were others as well, but I don't remember their names now. They received money and gold from Russia and England.

Q: Did the Armenians kill many women and children?

A: The elderly didn't bother much, but all of their young people were armed.

They killed whoever they could corner. They killed them and threw them into the lake or into the fire. For example, a woman was baking bread in a nearby village, and had her young child was at her side. The Armenians went into her backyard and asked her what she was doing. When she answered that she was baking bread, they insisted she needed a kebab as well, and pierced her child and threw him into the fire and burned him alive.

What else can I tell you? God knows the extent of what went on. During our escape, we took off on the ships, and stayed around the islands for four days. We couldn't sleep at night because of the wails, crying, and screams we heard all night. These were the cries we heard from surrounding villages: Zeve, Bardakçž, Kalaç, and Molla Kasžm. I hope God ensures that we don't have to relive those days when these massacres took place.

Q: Where did you go after the islands?

A: From the islands we went to the Dervis village. It took us all day to get there. Ten ships were tied together at the edge of the lake. We were very frightened. In the morning we left toward Tatvan, and finally reached our destination. We were able to rest there, and later left toward Bitlis.

Q: Do you remember how many people were with you in your convoy?

A: There were between 10 and 20 thousand people in our convoy.

Q: Did many people from your convoy die in the exodus?

A: Of course.

Q: Could you tell us how they died?

A: The women couldn't take care of the children. Some would leave them in remote areas. Hunger and disease were rampant. For example, Ömer Efendi wrapped his child in rags and left him alive under a tree as we approached the Bitlis creek. There were many other children like this thrown into the Bitlis creek, or buried when they died. But Ömer Efendi regretted what he did, and a few days later went to retrieve the child and brought him back alive.

Q: How long were you a refugee?

A: Three years.

Q: What did you find when you returned to Van? How was Van, was there much damage?

A: I saw Van; it was completely destroyed and burned. When we were in Bitlis, the Deputy Governor Ömer Bey was there. He would regularly receive reports on the situation in Van. We would follow the situation of the Russians from there. One day a soldier, Mansur, came to Bitlis. He was from Halep and used to live near the Norsin Mosque. He was in tears as he told us the story of how they entered Van, and saw that the women were lined up in a row with their head scarves still on. As they approached, they saw that they were impaled and killed. They painfully removed them and buried them. The soldiers left all their work and buried them. They then went to another location where the women had been raped and then killed. There was blood everywhere.
A similar incident occurred in the Amik village which is close to here. The inhabitants took refuge in the castle and pulled up the ladder when the Armenians arrived. The Armenians approached and convinced them to let down the ladder because they were now friendly and there was no reason to be afraid. As soon as they ascended the stairs, they separated the children and men and threw them down the hill. Some of the women threw themselves from the castle, while the others were taken to an unknown location.

Q: Did you hear about similar incidents at the time?

A: Of course I did, but what else can I tell you? Dignity, chastity, and integrity all went out the window. We suffered so much, some people even resorted to cannibalism. But we were so compassionate that when we found Armenians hiding on the island, we didn't do anything to them.

Q: Were they the Armenians who stayed when you fled?

A: No, they were Armenians remaining on the island. During the exodus they brought many Turks to this island and killed them. The ship captains were Armenians. Many of our people were maliciously killed in this way on the ships. As I told you earlier, we couldn't sleep because of the wails in those days. When we left, Van was burning, and it was still burning when the soldier Mansur came.

Q: Will you tell us about your situation in Bitlis?

A: When we arrived in Bitlis as refugees, they were angry with us because we abandoned Van. Initially the people in Bitlis were not very kind to us, asking us why we ran away and did not fight the enemy. We answered that we had no other choice because we did not have guns or ammunition. Not long after, the population of Bitlis had to flee as well, and they understood our position. The heat was debilitating. There was no food or water. Cholera and disease were spreading. Many people died. One day we saw that vehicles from Elazžg were arriving. The army corps came with Armenian drivers to bring salt to Harput.

Q: Were the drivers Armenian?

A: Yes, Armenian soldiers who were carrying salt. There was a captain leading them, and my brother approached him and asked him to stay and send a telegraph to arrange for a truck to carry us. We obtained permission from Mustafa Kemal Pasha and they started to transport us toward Diyarbakir. There was neither food nor water on the way. Many people died from diseases. At that time, there was a landowner named Mehmet. He has since died, but he was unique. He had fed the army and its horses for a year, and had given the military the keys to his stables. One year later Mustafa Kemal Pasha came, sat across from him, and asked what they owed him. When he said “for what?”, Mustafa Kemal explained that the army had depended on him for a year. He responded that they were welcome to the remaining food. Anyway, when he saw us, he gave the order to set up a feast right away. Bulgur rice, lentils, and meat were prepared and offered. Everyone ate to their heart's content.

Let me tell you another story. I saw many of the men who had been tortured by the Armenians with my own eyes. In some places they had no meat on their bones. From hunger they ate human flesh. There was a milkman called Faik whose father was carrying a child when we saw him. When I asked him what he was doing, he said if he didn't carry the child away, they would eat him too.
I hope God doesn't make us live through those days again. Hunger and disease left us with nothing. No dignity, chastity, nothing.

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